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The Rising of The Moon

By
Prafulla Mahure
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1
The Rising of the Moon

The Rising of the Moon – Summary

The Rising of the Moon is a one-act play written by Lady Gregory. It is an Irish nationalist drama that explores themes of duty, identity, and patriotism.

Plot Summary:

The play takes place at night near a harbor in Ireland, where a Sergeant and two policemen are searching for a fugitive, a rebel who has escaped from prison. A large reward has been announced for his capture. The Sergeant is tasked with guarding the area, while the other policemen go away to search elsewhere.

A ragged ballad singer appears, carrying a bundle of ballad sheets. He strikes up a conversation with the Sergeant, who initially sees him as an ordinary traveler. The singer asks about the escaped prisoner and tells the Sergeant that the fugitive might disguise himself as a singer like him.

As they talk, the singer sings patriotic songs about Ireland’s fight for independence. The Sergeant, who once had nationalist feelings in his youth, is reminded of his past ideals. The singer gradually reveals that he is actually the escaped rebel, but instead of arresting him, the Sergeant hesitates. The singer convinces him that they are both Irishmen and that their country’s freedom is more important than his duty as a policeman.

When the other policemen return, the Sergeant does not reveal the fugitive’s presence. He allows him to escape, choosing his national identity over his official duty.

Themes:

1. Nationalism vs. Duty – The Sergeant faces a moral conflict between his duty as a policeman and his loyalty to Ireland.


2. Identity and Transformation – The Sergeant changes from a loyal officer to someone who sympathizes with the rebel cause.


3. Persuasion and Influence – The rebel’s words and songs influence the Sergeant’s emotions and decisions.



Conclusion:

The Rising of the Moon is a powerful story about patriotism and moral choices. It highlights how personal beliefs can sometimes challenge professional responsibilities. The Sergeant’s decision to let the rebel go symbolizes a shift from being a servant of colonial rule to embracing his Irish identity.

Textual Activities on the Rising of the Moon

1.Find out the reason of the man for staying at the place.

Ans: To make a few shillings the man stayed at the place.

2. The stranger stays with the Sergeant. Find a way …… by him to allow him.

ANS: The stranger stays with the Sergeant by telling him that he would wait for sailors. The sailors would buy a ballad off him.

3. Write about the persuasive approach of the man?
Ans: The man wanted to stay at quay .He persuades the sergeant to allow him to sit on the steps .Then he tells the sergeant that he knows the man he is waiting for.

4.The man and the Sergeant need each other’s support. Find such examples.
Ans: The following conversation shows they need each other’s support
Sergeant : You know him? Come back here. What sort is he?
Man : Come back is it, Sergeant?

5. The man tries to enforce the Sergeant in favour of the criminal Find the sentence from the text.
Ans: I wouldn’t be in your shoes if the reward was ten times as much.

6. Find the life of the singer that is mentioned in the extract.
ANS : He is a poor man. He sings on the streets and in fairs. He walked through the hills to view rocks and streams.

7.The wavelength of the man and the Sergeant goes together find the evidences from the text.
Ans: The man sings patriotic songs. The Sergeant remembers the songs. 

8. The discussion about patriotic songs goes on. Find the points from the extract.
Ans: When the man 

9. There is a reference of a criminal. Find sentences in the context and write

Ans: breaking goal and hiding in the dark,
myself would be trying maybe to put a bullet in his head, or to take up a lump of a stone the way you said he did

BRAINSTORMING on the Rising of the Moon

(A1) There are some dialogues which are short, but quite effective. They give us enjoyment and add beauty to the main story. Find some more from the text.

The Rising of The Moon
rising of moon
The Rising of The Moon
The Rising of the Moon

(A2) Activities on Theme element of the Rising of the Moon

(i) Comment on the given statement after reading the given dialogue-
a. And if we get him itself, nothing but abuse on our heads for it from the people, and maybe from our own relations-you may begin like this

We do not think about society at large because people do not understand how difficult time we face in force. They abuse us even if we obey the orders.

b. It’s a pity some honest man not to be better of that.

c. I wouldn’t be in your shoes if he reward me ten times as much. People generally fall victim to incentives. Some people stick to values. They do not give importance to reward but the nationalism.

d. But when I saw a man in trouble, I could never help trying to set him out of it.
Its human to help others. Here the statement tells us that we should help the people in trouble to come out of it.

(ii) The priorities of the Sergeant are shifted. Complete the given table by using the given clues.
Priorities of the sergeant at the beginning        Priorities of the sergeant at the end of the play

The Rising of The Moon

Find sentences from the play the rising of the moon related to the given points.
a. Loyalty in Irish Nationalism:
(1) May be Sergeant you’ll be on the side of the country yet.
(2) I am thinking it was with the people you were,
(3) In spite of your belt and your tunic, that it might have been as well for you to have followed Granuaile.
(4) Sergeant puts hat and wig behind his back.

b. Tension between different loyalties

(1) It’s little we get but abuse from the people, and no choice but to obey our orders.
(2) Indeed it’s a hard thing to be in the force, out at night and no thanks for it,
(3) But when I saw a man in trouble, I could never help trying to set him out of it.
(4) There’s many a thing a man might know and might not have any wish for.

(i) Theme of The Rising of the Moon


The play by Lady Gregory shows the conflict between duty and patriotism. The sergeant must arrest a rebel but feels sympathy for Ireland’s freedom struggle. Influenced by patriotic songs, he chooses humanity over duty, highlighting that national identity and conscience are stronger than official responsibility.


(ii) Character Sketch of the Sergeant
The Sergeant is a dutiful British officer but an Irishman at heart. He is responsible, practical, and experienced. As he listens to patriotic songs, his hidden nationalism awakens. Facing a moral conflict, he finally helps the rebel escape, showing compassion and love for his country over strict duty.




(A5) The description of the character from the rising of the moon is given below. Identify the character from the play. Find some sentences which support your choice.
(a) He is a brave but irresponsible person.
Ans The character is the Sergeant. He is brave – I don’t want it. Bring it with you, He is irresponsible Sergeant (after a pause) – no one.
(b) He is a major character. He dominates in the story.
(1) Character : Man , A ballad singer : Jimmy Walsh a man who broke the jail
(2) A story is woven around the a ballad singer.
(c) He is smart as well as brave.
(1) Character: Man
(2) Proof : You might be standing there, looking out that way, thinking you saw him coming up this side of the quay (points), and he might be coming up this other side (points), and he’d be on you before you knew where you were.
(d) He is the centre of the play.
(1) Character : Man 
(2)
(e) He is obedient and simple.
(1) Character : Sergeant 

History Of English Drama

Use of too-to and enough in 9 Unique Situations

By
Prafulla Mahure
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2
too-to
too-to

The words too-to have a negative meaning but affirmative structure. It means ‘more than is necessary or desirable’. The words enough to have positive meaning. It means as much as necessary of desirable.

Structures

·  It was too wimpy to carry the semantic burden.
Structure = too + adjective + to + infinitive

·  The photo was clear enough to see every detail of the ground.
Structure = adjective + enough + infinitive

Study the following table to understand the uses of too-to, enough and so-that.

9 Situations           Sentences Using “Too” Or “Enough” Sentences Using ‘so – that’
1 Bad weather – go out for a picnic The weather is too bad to go out for a picnic. The weather is so bad that I can not go out.
2.Played well – win the matchWe played well enough to win the match.We played so well that we won the match.
3 Very clever – understand the scheme.He is clever enough to understand the scheme. He is so clever that he will understand the scheme.
4Sour apples – eat them. The apples are too sour to eat. The apples are so sour that we can not eat them.
5 old and – get jobShe is too old and too weak to get a job.She is so old and so weak that she will not get a job.
6 Strong battery – last for eight hoursThe battery is strong enough to last for eight hours. The battery is so strong that it will last for eight hours.
7 difficult problem – explain it The problem is too difficult to explain. The problem is so difficult that it can not be explained. Or that I can not explain it.
8 mature children – travel to school on their own.The children are mature enough to travel on their own.The children are so mature that they can travel on their own.
9 Adventurous Sujata – climb up the mountain Sujata was adventurous enough to climb up the mountain. Sujata was so adventurous that she could climb up the mountain.

Synthesis of the clauses

Combine (Synthesize) the following sentences with ‘too-to’ or ‘enough’ and ‘so-that’.

  1. She was rich . She could buy a car.
  2. The old man was very weak. He couldn’t walk properly.
  3. The mathematical problem was difficult. The students couldn’t solve it.
  4. Their house is large. It can accommodate their big family.
  5. She is very emotional. She can’t tolerate any rude behaviour.
  6. The peak was very high. The mountaineers couldn’t climb it.
  7. The dog was very sensitive. It could trail the hiding place of the criminals.


Key for ‘too’ or ‘enough‘

  1. She was rich enough to buy a car.
  2. The old man was too weak to walk properly. (Negative Meaning /Affirmative Sentence)
  3. The mathematical problem was too difficult to solve. (Negative Meaning /Affirmative Sentence)
  4. Their house is large enough to accommodate their big family.
  5. She is too emotional to tolerate any rude behaviour. (Negative Meaning /Affirmative Sentence)
  6. The peak was too high for the mountaineers to climb.
  7. The dog was sensitive enough to trail the hiding place of the criminals.
    Key for ‘so—that’
  1. She was so rich that she could buy a car.
  2. The old man was so weak that he couldn’t walk properly. (Negative Sentence)
  3. The mathematical problem was so difficult that the students couldn’t solve it.(Negative Sentence)
  4. Their house is so large that it can accommodate their big family.
  5. She is so emotional that she can’t tolerate any rude behavior.(Negative Sentence)
  6. The peak was so high that the mountaineers couldn’t climb it.
  7. The dog was so sensitive that it could trail the hiding place of the criminals.

Online Test on too-to

Synthesis
Read more about uses of not only-but also
1. Is too structure an affirmative sentence? Yes.: Use of too-to and enough in 9 Unique Situations

The Eight Parts of Speech- English Grammar

By
Prafulla Mahure
-
6
PARTS OF SPEECH
PARTS OF SPEECH

Types of Sentences

THE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH

There are eight parts of speech in the English language: 1) Noun 2) Pronoun 3) Verb 4) Adjective 5) Adverb 6) Preposition 7) Conjunction 8) Interjection
The part of speech indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence. An individual word can function as more than one part of speech when used in different circumstances. Understanding parts of speech is essential for determining the correct definition of a word when using the dictionary.
Parts of Speech Sentence is a group of Meaningful words. Those words are classified in eight parts of speech in English Grammar.वाक्य हे शब्दांनी बनेलेले असते. त्या शब्दाच्या एकुण आठ जाती आहेत.

The Eight Parts of Speech

1.NOUN नाम

: Noun is an important Parts of Speech. व्यक्ती, वस्तु व ठीकाणाला दिलेले नाव म्हणजे नाम होय. A name of person, place and thing is noun.
EXAMPLE: Krishna, teacher, book, room, river, rose, lion, village, Gadchandur, apple, hen, courage, freedom, education, management, happiness, length, womanhood, man, peace, Marathi, Physics, Economics, Commerce, temple,hand, tree, Maharashtra, India, Asia, Stadium. etc
A: Functions of Noun: नामाची कार्ये
1) As a subject / doer of action कर्ता म्ह्णुन a) A teacher teaches a lesson.
b) Students read books.
c) India is a developed country.
d) Treesgive us shade.
2) As an Object कर्म म्ह्णुन
a) Human body needs nutrients.
b) We learn grammar.
3) As a Compliment पुरक शब्द म्ह्णुन.
a) He is a teacher.
b) We are students.
c) An apple is afruit.
d) He is a shopkeeper.
B: KINDS OF NOUN :
1. Proper Noun, 2. Common Noun, 3. Abstract Noun. 4. Collective Noun
1.Proper Noun विशेष नाम : व्यक्तीला, ठीकानाला दिलेले विशीष्ट नाव म्ह्णजे Proper Noun होय. Examples : Mayank, Anagha, Korpana, Akola, Chandrapur, Mukutban, Irai, Ganga, Manikgarh, Himalaya, Maharashtra, India, Wani, Yavatmal ( पहिले अक्षर capital लिहावे)
2. Common Noun सामान्य नाम : Examples : boy, girl, man, woman, village, city, town, river, fort, mountain, state, nation
3.Abstract Noun अमुर्त नाम : Examples : birth, charity, bravery, courage, patience, nationality, knowledge, advice, entertainment, beauty, calmness, prevention.
4.Collective Noun समुह नाम : Examples : crowd, class, fleet, army, platoon, swarm, flock

2. PRONOUN सर्वनाम

: The Parts of speech (pronoun) is used instead of noun. नामाच्या ऎवजी वापरलेल्या शब्दाला pronoun म्ह्णतात. ( A word used instead of noun is pronoun.)
I हे प्रथम पुरुषी सर्वनाम स्वत:साठी वापरल्या जाते. We स्वत:सह इतरासाठी वापरल्या जाते. You हे ‍द्‍वीतीय पुरुषी सर्वनाम ज्याच्यांशी बोलतो त्याच्यांसाठी त्यांच्या नावाऎवजी वापरल्या जाते. He, She, It, They हे त्रुतीय पुरुषी सर्वनामे ज्यांच्याबद्द्ल बोलायचे असते त्यांच्यासाठी वापरल्या जाते.
Kinds of Pronoun
सर्वनाम प्रकार		 Subject
कर्ता		 Object
कर्म		 Possessive
मालकीदर्शक
First Person Singular
प्रथम पुरुषी एकवचनी		I मीme मला my माझे
First Person Plural
प्रथम पुरुषी अनेकवचनी		 We आम्ही us आम्हाला our आमचे, ची, चा
Second Person Singular/Plural
व्दितीय पुरुषी एक/अनेकवचनी		 You तु, तुम्ही you तुला, तुम्हाला your तुमचे, ची, चा
Third Person Singular
त्रुतीय पुरुषी एकवचनी		 He तो him त्याला his त्याचे
Third Person Singular
त्रुतीय पुरुषी एकवचनी		 She ती her तीला her तीचे, चा
Third Person Singular
त्रुतीय पुरुषी एकवचनी		 It ते it ते its त्याचे, चा
Third Person Plural
त्रुतीय पुरुषी अनेकवचनी		 They ते, त्या them त्यांना their त्यांचे, चा

Observe the usage of pronoun and its forms.
I am a student. My name is Ankit. My mother’s name is Reshma. She is a teacher. I help her in household chores. Her school is far from our home. My father’s name is Kamlakar. He is a doctor. His hospital is very big. Patients consider him a very good doctor. My parents are very kind. They love me very much. You also will like them. We have a car. It is dusky brown.

3.ADJECTIVE विषेशण

: नाम किंवा सर्वनाम या विषयी माहिती देणार्‍या शब्दाला विषेशण म्ह्णतात. (A word that tells something about noun or pronoun is known as Adjective. Adjective is a third parts of speech that we need use very carefully.)
Examples: poor student sick people, weak people, blind musician, brave men courageous soldier, dangerous path, green field, joyful ride, narrative passage, national leader, spoken language, interesting film
विशेषणांची superlative आणि comparative रुपे पुढील प्रमाणे आहे.
Positive Adj. Comparative Adj. Superlative Adj.
rich richer richest
shortshortershortest
wisewiserwisest
large larger largest
big bigger biggest
cruelcruellercruellest
fatfatter fattest
easyeasiereasiest
pretty prettierprettiest
mighty mightier mightiest
attractivemore attractivemost attractive
importantmore importantmost important
powerfulmore powerfulmost powerful
goodbetterbest
badworse worst

4.VERB क्रियापद

: क्रियादर्शक शब्द म्हणजे क्रियापद होय. ( A word that denotes an action is called verb. A verb is also another parts of speech. )
EXAMPLES: apply, bend, come, decide, enable, fight, inform, jump, kick, lie, make, nourish, opine, pamper, quit, run, stop, tie, unite, vanish, wash, yawn,
वाक्याचा काळ आणि कर्ता लक्षात घेवुन क्रियापदाचे विवीध रुपे वापरावे लागतात. ती रुपे साधारणपणे पाच आहेत.
V1 Past Form V2 Past Participle V3 V4 V5
taketooktaken takingtakes
playplayedplayed playingplays
readreadread readingreads
catchcaughtcaught catchingcatches
winwonwon winningwins
seesawseen seeingsees
flyflewflown flyingflies

क्रियापदाचे रुपे आणि त्यांचे उपयोग

  • V1 चा उपयोग Simple Present Tense मध्ये कर्ता I, We, You, They अथवा तृतिय पुरुषी अनेकवचनी असल्यास केल्या जातो.

  • V2 चा उपयोग Simple Past Tense केल्या जातो.

  • V3 चा उपयोग Present Perfect Tense, Past Perfect Tense, Future Perfect Tense तसेच वाक्याचे Passive Voice करतांना केल्या जातो.
  • V4 चा उपयोग कोणत्याहि काळाच्या Continuous form मध्ये केल्या जातो.

  • V5 चा उपयोग Simple Present Tense मध्ये जेव्हा कर्ता तृतिय पुरुषी एकवचनी असतो तेव्हा केल्या जातो.

    • 6. ADVERB

    : क्रियापद किंवा विशेषण याबद्दल माहिती देणारा शब्द म्ह्णजे क्रियाविशेषण Adverb होय. (A word that describes a verb or adjective is called Adverb.)
    क्रिया कशी घडली/घडते हे सांगण्याचे काम Adverb करते. विशेषणास ly हे प्रत्यय लावुन adverb तयार केल्या जात Example : joyfully, skillfully. courageously, fast, very, naturally, cleverly, happily, sadly, slowly, easily, bravely, simply, brightly.

    7. PREPOSITION

    : नामाच्या पुर्वी येणार्‍या व दुसर्‍या शब्दाशी त्या नामाचा संबंध व्यक्त करणार्‍या शब्दास Preposition म्ह्णतात. (A preposition is a word placed before a noun to show its relation with other word.)

    Examples of Prepositions

      in-आत
    1. Mother is in the kitchen.
    2. There are seven days in a week.
    3. We live in Chandrapur district.
    4. Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869.
      into-च्या आत (वेगाने)
    5. He jumped into the river.
      on-च्या वर(स्पर्श करुन) ,ला
    6. A book is on a table.
    7. We celebrate Christmas on 25 December.
    8. He was absent on Monday.
      over-च्या वर (स्पर्श नसुन)
    9. A fan is over our head.
      under-खाली
    10. A cat is under a table.
      between-दोघांच्या मध्ये
    11. B is between A and C.
      among अनेकाच्या मध्ये
    12. The teacher is standing among the students.
      for साठी
    13. I bought a doll for her.
      14. of चा, ची, चे
    14. This is a pen of Jayant.
      at-कडे, ला
    15. We live at Korpana.
    16. I get up at 5:30 A.M.
      beside च्या बाजुला
    17. Sit beside me.
      with च्या सह
    18. Come with me.
    19. Cut with knife.
      by ने, च्या कडुन
    20. Trees are cut with axe by people.
    21. We travel by bus.
      to च्या कडे, ला
    22. We go to school.
      up वरच्या दिशेने
    23. The dog is looking up.
      down खालच्या दिशेने
    24. They came down the hill.
      fromच्या पासुन
    25. Chandrapur is 25 kms. form Rajura.
      acrossच्या पलीकडे
    26. They sail across the ocean.
      throughच्या मधुन
    27. The thief entered through the window.
      behindच्या मागे
    28. My house is behind the post-office.
      off च्या पासुन दुर
    29. The students of our school ran off the road.

  • EXERCISE



  • Fill in the blanks with preposition.

    • रिकाम्या जागेत Preposition भरतांना वाक्याचा अर्थ व Preposition चा अर्थ लक्षात घ्यावा.
    1. Our prayer starts_____ 7:10 A.M (at, on)
    2. The plane flew _____our village.(over, on)
    3. We have holiday ____ Sunday.(on, at)
    4. He was arrested ____ police.(by, from)
    5. 2 is _____1 and 3.(in , between)
    6. There are 30 days __a month.(on/ in)
    7. We write ___a pen. (with, by)
    8. He took a pencil___Jaya. (of, Off)
    9. He went ___Mumbai.(to, on)
    10. We buy things ____ shop.(in, from)
    अधिक अभ्यासासाठी पाठातील preposition असणारी वाक्य शोधुन लिहावी. Preposition ने वेळ, ठीकाण, दिशा दर्शविल्या जाते.

  • Look at the following sentences and state what the underlined prepositions indicate.

    1. India got freedom in 1947.
    2. The train arrived at 10 O’clock.
    3. The TajMahal was built in Agra.
    4. Mahatma Gandhi was born at Porbandar in Gujrat.
    5. India’s Constitution was implemented on 26th of January 1950.
    6. They set up a tent on hill.
    7. They sailed across the ocean.
    8. The bus moved along the road.
    9. The boys threw stones at the frog.
    10. Mother is in the kitchen.
    Key 1. time 2. time 3. place 4. place, place 5.time 6. place 7. direction 8. direction 9. direction 10. place.

    7. Conjunction

    A conjunction is an important parts of speech that joins words, phrases, or clauses. and, but, or, while, because, if, so..that, unless, too..to, A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between the elements joined. Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet. Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses that are not equal: because, although, while, since, etc. There are other types of conjunctions as well.

    8. Interjection

    An interjection is a word used to express emotion. Interjection is a eighth parts of speech Oh!… Wow!… Oops! Bravo! An interjection is a word used to express emotion. It is often followed by an exclamation point.
    After studying parts of speech we are ready to check our understanding about the parts of speech in English. Solve the given online test based on your understanding.
    Test on Parts of Speech



    The Eight Parts of Speech- English Grammar

    Worksheet

    Nouns and Their Adjective Forms

    By
    Prafulla Mahure
    -
    3
    Nouns and Their Adjective Forms

    Nouns and adjectives are the important parts of speech. One should learn the formation of words such as making adjective from noun. Here is a list of such word formation.



    		Nouns and Their Adjective Forms Nouns and Their Adjective Forms
    NOUNSADJECTIVESNOUNSADJECTIVES
    Accident अपघातaccidental अपघातीmusic संगीतmusical संगीतमय
    Anger रागangry रागीष्टnation राष्ट्रnational राष्ट्रीय
    Beauty सौंदर्यbeautiful सुंदरnature निसर्गnatural नैसर्गिक
    Boy मुलगाboyish पोरकटnoise आवाजnoisy गजबज
    Care काळजीcarefulकाळजीपुर्वकnorth उत्तरnorthern उत्तरेकडिल
    Caution सावधानताcautious सावधparent पालक, आई-वडिलparental आई-वडिलाचे/कडिल
    Centre मध्यcentral मध्यवर्तीpeace शांतीpeaceful शांतता
    Child मुल, बाळchildish/childlike बालीशperson व्यक्तीpersonal वैयक्तीक
    China चिनChinese चीनीpity दयाpitiful दयाळु
    Circle वर्तुळcircular वर्तुळाकारpoison विषpoisonous विषारी
    Comfort आरामcomfortable आरामदायीpoverty दारिद्र्यpoor गरीब,
    Comedy विनोदcomical विनोदीpride गर्वproud गर्विष्ठ
    Cowardness भीत्रेपणाcoward भीत्राquarrel भांडनquarrelsome भांडनखोर
    Cruelty क्रुरताcruel क्रुरresponsibility जबाबदारीresponsible जबाबदार
    Culture संस्कॄतीcultural सांस्क्रुतिकscience विग्यान,विदद्याणscientific वैद्न्यानीक
    Danger धोकाdangerous धोकादायकsense जाणsensible
    Day दिवसdaily दैनिकsilk रेशमsilky रेशमी
    Disaster प्रकोपdisastrousskill कौश्यल्यskilful कौश्यल्यवान
    Distance अंतरdistant दुरचेsmoke धुरsmoky धुसर
    Duty कर्तव्यdutiful कर्तव्यनिष्ट, dutiablesorrow दु:खsorrowful दु:खी
    East पूर्वeastern पौर्वात्यsouth दक्षिणsouthern दाक्षिणात्य
    Europe युरोपEuropean युरोपचेspeed वेगspeedy वेगवान
    Faith विश्वासfaithful विश्वासुstar ताराstarry तारांकित
    Fame प्रसीद्धिfamous प्रसीध्दstone दगडstony खडकाळ
    Father वडिलfatherly वडिलकिचेstorm वादळstormy वादळी
    Fear भितीfearful भितीदायकstrength ताकद, शक्तीstrong मजबुत
    Fever तापfeverish तापासारखेsuccess यशsuccessful यशस्वी
    Foolishness मुर्खपणाfoolish ,fool मुर्खsun सुर्यsunny स्वच्छ उन
    Fortune भाग्यfortunate भाग्यशालीtail शेपटीtailless शेपटीहिन
    FranceFrenchtalent हुशारी, बुध्दिtalented बुध्दिमान
    Friend मित्रfriendly मैत्रीपुर्णterror भीतिterrible भीतिदायक
    Fury रागfurious रागावलेलाthirst तहानthirsty तहानलेला
    Girl मुलगिgirlish मुलिसारखाthought विचारthoughtful विचारशिल
    Glory वैभवglorious वैभवशालीthoughtthoughtless विचारहिन
    God इश्वरgodly इश्वरीtrouble त्रासtroublesome त्रासदायक
    Gold सोनेgoldenसोनेरिtruth सत्यtruthful सत्यवादि
    Harm जखम/ इजाharmful हानीकारकvalue मुल्यvaluable मुल्यवान
    Height उंचीhigh उंचvictory विजयvictorious विजयी
    HeroHeroicwar युध्दwarlike युध्दसद्रुश्य
    Hunger भुखhungry भुखेलाwater पाणीwatery पाणिदार
    India भारतIndian भारतियwave लाटwavy लाटेसमान
    Joy आनंदjoyful आंनदीwest पश्चिमwestern पाश्चिमात्य
    Law कायदाlawful कायदेशिरwind हवाwindy हवेशीर
    Length लांबीlong लांबwinter हिवाळाwintry हीव
    Life जीवनlive, lively जीवंतwisdom चातुर्यwise चतुर
    Love प्रेमlovely प्रेमळwood लाकुडwooden लाकडी
    Man मानुसmanly माणसाप्रमानेwoolwoollen
    mountain पर्वतmountainous पर्वतीयyear वर्षyearly वार्षिक
    　　youth तारुण्यyoung/youthful तरुण
    Nouns and Their Adjective Forms

    Nouns and Their Adjective Forms Parts of Speech

    Do as Directed

    Pick out the pair of adjective and noun from each sentence.

    1. The old dress had too many pockets.

    2. My younger brother won the race.

    3. We should eat at the Indian restaurant today.

    4. I like eating juicy fruits.

    5. My new sweater is very comfortable.

    6. Martha adores her kind mother.

    7. Fluffy omelets taste the best.

    8. Short kids must stand in the front of the line.

    9. Our new furniture look great in our living room.

    10. The girl with the blue eyes moved here yesterday.

    11. She came back because the local train was too late.

    12. Thomas asked his elder sister to drive him to the stadium.

    13. I tried listening to the informative speech but I fell asleep.

    Important Uses of Unless

    By
    Prafulla Mahure
    -
    2
    Uses of Unless
    Uses of Unless

    Uses of Unless and uses of if …. not


    Unless is used to express negative condition. Unless you read more examples, you will not understand the uses of unless. Unless can be replaced with if… not without changing the meaning.

    Rewrite the following sentences using ‘unless’ in place of ‘If…..not’
    Steps:
    1. Put  Unless in place of  ‘if ‘. 
    2. Remove ‘do not , does not, not’ . 
    3. Add s/es to the verb if you remove “does not” . 
    4. Write remaining sentence. 
    5. Using ‘unless’ in place of ‘If’ (in case ‘not’ is missing ) means you have to make other  part negative if is Affirmative and vice versa . 

    Learn the following examples of uses of unless and if….not

    1. If the cart is not ready, we will go on foot.
         Unless the cart is ready, we will go on foot.
    2. We will miss the train if we do not start now.
         We will miss the train unless we start now.
    3. If Seema does not submit the assignment today, she will loose her marks.
         Unless Seema submits the assignment today, she will loose her marks.
    4. If marketing is not in the hands of farmers’ organizations, they will not get a good realization of their efforts.
        Unless marketing is in the hands of farmers’ organizations, they will not get a good realization of their efforts.
    5. If you do not water the plants, they will not grow.
          Unless you water the plants, they will not grow.
    6. If you study, you will pass.
         Unless you study, you will not pass.
    7. If you work hard, you will not fail.
         Unless you work hard, you will fail.
    Rewrite the following sentences using ‘If…..not’ in place of ‘unless’

    1. I will join you, unless I am working on Sunday.
         I will join you if I am not working on Sunday.
    2. Rajesh normally comes on time, unless his train is late.
         Rajesh normally comes on time if his train is not late.
    3. Unless we curb poverty, we will be a poor nation.
         If we do not curb poverty, we will be a poor nation.
    4. Unless rural India becomes socially and economically free, there will be no true progress.
          If rural India does not become socially and economically free, there will be no true progress.
    5. Unless the plants get sunlight, they will not grow.
         If the plants do not get sunlight, they will not grow.

    Conditionals


    1. If it comes to sacrifice, whatever best and grand we have, it will be done for India .   
    2. If you read, you will understand.                 
    3.  (If + present tense, future form)                                                                          
    4. The above clause indicates the condition in present and its effect in future.
    5. If I won a lottery, I would help the poor.  
    6. If I got a degree, I would get a job.                                                                                              
    7. (If +past tense, past of future {would+ v1})                                                                          
    8.  The above clause expresses hypothetical condition. It refers to impossible or contrasting fact.
    9. If Ramesh had participated in the competition, he would have won .   
    10. If doctor had examined him, he would have survived.                                          
    11.   (If + Past Perfect, would have +v3)                                             
    12. The above clause expresses unfulfilled conditions. It is used to express regrets/excuses.


    Now complete the following sentences:

    1. If the Himalayas are in jeopardy, the Sahyadri of Maharashtra ______ (protect) it.
    2. If you come to the library, we _____________(complete) the project.
    3. If Geeta _________(send) an application, she would have got the job.
    4. If my friends came late, I ____________(wait) for them.
    5. If the girls didn’t tease Sarita so much , she __________(spend) more time in the office.
    6. If I got an invitation, I ___________ (go) there.
    7. If it ______(get) hot tonight, I’ll switch on the fan.

    Key

    1. If the Himalayas are in jeopardy, the Sahyadri of Maharashtra will protect.
    2. If you come to the library, we will complete the project.
    3. If Geeta had sent an application, she would have got the job.
    4. If my friends came late, I would wait for them.
    5. If the girls didn’t tease Sarita so much , she would spend more time in the office.
    6. If I got an invitation, I would go there.
    7. If it gets hot tonight, I’ll switch on the fan.

    Complete the sentences supplying appropriate clause. One is done for you

    1. If you do wear mask, ……,.        1. If you do wear mask, you will be safe form covid.

    2. Unless you wear mask, ……..

    3. If he does not work hard, ……

    4. Unless he works hard, …….

    5. If you do not follow the traffic rules, ………

    6. Unless you practice, ……

    Click here for Uses of Not only …. but also

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