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Interview Skills: How to Prepare Interview Questions | Interactive English Learning Activity

By
Prafulla Mahure
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INTERVIEW SKILLS

Learn to Prepare Effective Interview Questions

Explore • Think • Frame Questions • Practise • Perform

1. What is an Interview?

An interview is a formal or informal conversation in which one person asks questions to another person to collect information, understand experiences and learn about their achievements.

Objectives of an Interview

  • To gather information and personal experiences.
  • To understand the person’s profession and achievements.
  • To discover challenges, ideas and opinions.
  • To inspire others through the person’s journey.

2. How to Prepare Interview Questions

Follow these steps before conducting an interview:

  1. Know the background of the person.
  2. Decide the purpose of the interview.
  3. Prepare relevant and meaningful questions.
  4. Arrange questions in a logical sequence.
  5. Begin with introductory questions.
  6. Ask about experiences, challenges and achievements.
  7. Conclude with future plans and a thank-you note.
Remember: Questions should be clear, polite, relevant and mostly open-ended. Avoid questions that can be answered only with Yes or No.

3. Explore Interview Question Banks

Select a personality to explore sample questions. Read them carefully and understand how questions are framed.

4. Learn to Frame Questions

Use these question words to prepare meaningful interview questions.

What: What inspired you to choose this profession?
Why: Why did you decide to become a farmer?
How: How do you overcome challenges in your profession?
When: When did you discover your talent?
Where: Where did you receive your training?
Who: Who has influenced your journey?
Which: Which achievement makes you most proud?
Could: Could you share an unforgettable experience?

5. Your Interview Question Builder

Select a personality and prepare your own questions. Write at least five questions.

6. Mini Test: Check Your Understanding

Choose the most appropriate answer for each question.

Question 1 of 5

7. Useful Expressions for Conducting an Interview

Introducing the Guest

  • We are delighted to welcome you to this interview.
  • Could you please introduce yourself?
  • Thank you for giving us this opportunity.

Asking Questions

  • May I know what inspired you?
  • Could you tell us about your journey?
  • Would you mind sharing your experience?
  • What message would you like to give our students?

Concluding the Interview

  • Thank you for sharing your valuable experiences.
  • It was a pleasure interacting with you.
  • We wish you success in your future endeavours.

8. Printable Interview Worksheet

9. Final Classroom Activity

Work in pairs or groups. One student will act as an interviewer and another as the interviewee.

  1. Choose one personality from the question bank.
  2. Prepare at least eight questions.
  3. Conduct a two-to-three-minute interview.
  4. Record the answers in your notebook.
  5. Present a short report about the interview.
Assessment Criteria: Relevance of questions – 5 marks; language accuracy – 5 marks; confidence – 5 marks; listening and presentation – 5 marks.

English For Me | Learn English Through Practice

Virtual Message Writing

By
Prafulla Mahure
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0
Virtual Message Writing
MAHARASHTRA BOARD • STD. 12

VIRTUAL MESSAGE WRITING LAB

Understand • Transform • Draft • Print

Master Virtual Message Writing in 50 Words

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Your Learning Score

1. What is a Virtual Message?

A virtual message is a short written communication conveying important information to a person who is unavailable at that moment. It is generally based on a telephone conversation or given instructions.

Purpose
Convey information
Language
Simple and polite
Speech
Indirect / Reported
Length
Usually not more than 50 words when specified

2. Learn the Correct Format

VIRTUAL MESSAGE Date: 14 November 2026 Time: 10:30 a.m. Dear Dad, Your friend Rahul called to inform you that the meeting scheduled for tomorrow has been postponed. He requested you to check your email for further details. Sachin
1. Date: Write the date of drafting the message.
2. Time: Mention the time of writing.
3. Receiver: Address the person for whom the message is intended.
4. Message Body: Include all essential information using reported speech.
5. Sender: Write your name at the end.

3. Seven Golden Rules

  1. Include only the important information.
  2. Do not add any information of your own.
  3. Use indirect or reported speech.
  4. Maintain grammatical accuracy.
  5. Use simple and polite language.
  6. Avoid unnecessary details and abbreviations.
  7. Follow the prescribed word limit.

4. Reported Speech Transformer

Learn how to convert direct speech into reported speech.

Direct: Rahul said, “I will call you tomorrow.”
Reported: Rahul said that he would call me the following day.
Direct: He said, “Please bring the file.”
Reported: He requested me to bring the file.
Direct: She said, “The meeting is urgent.”
Reported: She said that the meeting was urgent.

Practise the Transformation

Choose the correct reported speech form.

5. Smart Virtual Message Builder

Enter the details to create your own virtual message.

0 / 50 words

6. Word Limit Challenge

Virtual message writing often requires a maximum of 50 words. Practise identifying the correct word count.

7. Find and Correct the Errors

Identify the mistakes in the following message.

“Rahul call you yesterday. He say that the meeting will held tomorrow. He request you to bring your file.”

Select the correct version.

8. Practice Zone – Board Examination Tasks

Read the situations and draft messages independently.

Task 1: Office Meeting

Your father’s colleague calls to inform him that an urgent meeting has been arranged for 11 a.m. tomorrow. He asks your father to bring the project report.

Date: 6 November 2026
Time: 10:30 a.m.
Dear Dad,
Your colleague called to inform you about an urgent meeting scheduled for 11 a.m. tomorrow. He requested you to bring the project report.
Sachin
Task 2: School Activity

Your classmate calls to inform you that the English teacher has postponed the test to Friday. Students are asked to prepare all the chapters.

Dear Rohan,
Your classmate called to inform you that the English test has been postponed to Friday. The teacher has asked all students to prepare every chapter.
Amit
Task 3: Event Invitation

Your sister’s friend calls to invite her to a birthday celebration at 6 p.m. on Sunday at her residence.

Dear Sister,
Your friend called to invite you to her birthday celebration at 6 p.m. on Sunday at her residence.
Riya
Task 4: Important News

Your uncle’s colleague calls to inform him that the documents have been approved and he should collect them from the office tomorrow.

Dear Uncle,
Your colleague called to inform you that the documents have been approved. He requested you to collect them from the office tomorrow.
Rahul

9. Final Assessment – MCQ Test

Each question carries one mark.

10. Printable Practice Worksheet

Print a blank worksheet for classroom practice or individual assessment.

ENGLISH FOR ME – VIRTUAL MESSAGE WRITING
Student Name: __________________________
Class: __________ Roll No.: __________
Date: __________________ Instructions:
Read the given situation and draft a virtual message in not more than 50 words. Situation:
Your mother’s colleague calls to inform her that an important meeting has been shifted to 3 p.m. tomorrow. She is requested to carry the necessary documents.

Message:

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________ Word Count: __________ Teacher’s Remarks:

____________________________________

11. My Learning Report

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Complete the tests to view your result.

English For Me | Learn English Through Practice

Std. 10 English Study Material | Maharashtra Board SSC

By
Prafulla Mahure
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0

Std 10 English

STD. 10 ENGLISH KUMARBHARATI

UNIT 1 & UNIT 2 – STUDY MATERIAL

Personal Response | Activities | Language Study | Vocabulary | Board Questions | Practice Worksheets

मराठी माध्यमाच्या विद्यार्थ्यांसाठी सोप्या इंग्रजीत अभ्यास साहित्य

Instructions: Open each lesson. Read the short answers, practise the activities and solve the worksheet. The answer key is provided at the end of each lesson. These are supplementary practice questions; refer to the prescribed textbook for exact textual activities.

UNIT ONE – LESSONS AND POEMS

1.1 Where the Mind is Without Fear – Rabindranath Tagore (Poem)

Central idea: The poet dreams of a country where people are fearless, truthful, knowledgeable and united.

मराठी अर्थ: कवीला असा देश हवा आहे जिथे लोक निर्भय, प्रामाणिक, ज्ञानी आणि एकत्रित असतील.

7. Personal Response

Q1. What kind of country would you like to live in?
Ans. I would like to live in a country where there is equality, peace, education and justice.
Q2. Why is education important?
Ans. Education removes ignorance and helps people think wisely.
Q3. How can we make India a better country?
Ans. We can make India better by being honest, hardworking and responsible citizens.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Write two qualities of an ideal country: Freedom and equality.
  • Find opposites: Fear × Courage; Narrow × Broad; Truth × Falsehood.
  • Identify the figure of speech in “Where the mind is without fear”: Repetition of the word ‘where’ in the poem.
  • Write the central idea in two sentences.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Fearभीती
Heavenस्वर्ग
Knowledgeज्ञान
Reasonविवेक / कारण
Truthसत्य

Grammar: Identify the noun: “Knowledge is power.” – Knowledge, power.

Opposites: Narrow – Broad; Dead – Alive.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. What does the poet wish for his country?
Ans. He wishes for a country where people are fearless, truthful, educated and united.
Q2. What does ‘clear stream of reason’ mean?
Ans. It means logical and sensible thinking.
Q3. What is the central idea of the poem?
Ans. The poem expresses the dream of an ideal nation based on freedom, knowledge, truth and unity.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Who wrote the poem?

2. The poet dreams of a country without ____.

3. Reason means:

4. The poem is a prayer for:

1.2 The Thief’s Story – Ruskin Bond

Central idea: Anil’s kindness and trust transform Hari Singh, a young thief, and inspire him to choose an honest life.

मराठी अर्थ: अनिलच्या प्रेमळ वागणुकीमुळे आणि विश्वासामुळे हरिसिंगच्या मनात परिवर्तन होते.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Do you think kindness can change a person?
Ans. Yes. Kindness can change a person’s heart and encourage good behaviour.
Q2. Would you forgive a friend who made a mistake?
Ans. Yes, if my friend sincerely regrets the mistake and promises not to repeat it.
Q3. Why is education important in life?
Ans. Education helps us become independent and live with dignity.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Character traits of Anil: Kind, generous, trusting and helpful.
  • Character traits of Hari Singh: Clever, dishonest initially, young and capable of change.
  • Arrange the events: Hari meets Anil → Gets work → Steals money → Returns money.
  • Write a short dialogue between Anil and Hari after Hari returns.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Trustविश्वास
Desertedनिर्जन
Suspiciousसंशयास्पद
Gratefulकृतज्ञ
Regretपश्चात्ताप

Grammar: Change into passive voice: Anil taught Hari. – Hari was taught by Anil.

Word formation: Honest – Honesty; Kind – Kindness.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. Why did Hari Singh want to work for Anil?
Ans. He wanted to earn money and saw an opportunity to gain Anil’s trust.
Q2. Why did Hari return the stolen money?
Ans. Anil’s kindness and his desire to learn and become educated changed Hari’s mind.
Q3. What message does the story convey?
Ans. Love, trust and kindness can bring positive changes in a person’s life.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Who is the writer of the story?

2. What was Hari Singh?

3. Who offered Hari a job?

4. What changed Hari’s life?

Answer key: 1-a, 2-b, 3-a, 4-b.

1.3 On Wings of Courage

Central idea: The lesson presents the inspiring life and achievements of Air Marshal Arjan Singh, highlighting his courage, leadership and dedication to the nation.

मराठी अर्थ: एअर मार्शल अर्जन सिंह यांचे धैर्य, नेतृत्व आणि देशसेवेची प्रेरणादायी कहाणी.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Which qualities make a good leader?
Ans. Courage, discipline, honesty, confidence and decision-making make a good leader.
Q2. Would you like to join the armed forces? Why?
Ans. Yes. I would like to serve my country and protect its people.
Q3. How can we show patriotism?
Ans. We can show patriotism by respecting our country, following rules and serving society.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Write five qualities of Arjan Singh: Courage, discipline, leadership, dedication and confidence.
  • Prepare a timeline of his important achievements.
  • Expand the abbreviation IAF: Indian Air Force.
  • Write a short paragraph on the importance of the armed forces.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Marshalसर्वोच्च हवाई दलाचा मानाचा हुद्दा
Braveryशौर्य
Leadershipनेतृत्व
Distinguishedविशेष / प्रतिष्ठित
Achievementयश / कामगिरी

Grammar: Change into adjective: Courage – Courageous; Fame – Famous; Strength – Strong.

Make a sentence: Arjan Singh was a courageous pilot.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. Who was Arjan Singh?
Ans. He was a distinguished officer of the Indian Air Force and the first Marshal of the Indian Air Force.
Q2. What was his contribution during the 1965 war?
Ans. He led the Indian Air Force with courage and skill during the Indo-Pak war of 1965.
Q3. Why is Arjan Singh remembered?
Ans. He is remembered for his exceptional flying skills, leadership and dedicated service to the nation.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Arjan Singh belonged to the:

2. He was known for his:

3. He led the IAF during the war of:

4. The opposite of courage is:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-a, 3-b, 4-a.

1.4 All the World’s a Stage – William Shakespeare (Poem)

Central idea: Shakespeare compares the world to a stage and human beings to actors who play seven different roles during their lives.

मराठी अर्थ: मानवी जीवन हे रंगमंचासारखे असून प्रत्येक व्यक्ती जीवनात वेगवेगळ्या भूमिका पार पाडते.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Which stage of life do you enjoy most?
Ans. I enjoy my student life because I can learn new things and develop my personality.
Q2. Why should we respect elderly people?
Ans. They have rich experience and valuable knowledge of life.
Q3. What role do you play in your family?
Ans. I play the role of a responsible and caring family member.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Name the seven stages: Infant, schoolboy, lover, soldier, justice, old age and second childishness.
  • Identify the figure of speech in “All the world’s a stage”: Metaphor.
  • Explain the comparison between the world and a stage.
  • Write two sentences about the responsibilities of a student.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Stageरंगमंच / टप्पा
Infantअर्भक
Justiceन्यायाधीश
Soldierसैनिक
Existenceअस्तित्व

Grammar: Identify the adjective: “The old man walks slowly.” – Old.

Figure of speech: Metaphor – direct comparison without using ‘like’ or ‘as’.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. What is the world compared to?
Ans. The world is compared to a stage.
Q2. How many stages of life are described?
Ans. Seven stages of life are described.
Q3. What is the message of the poem?
Ans. Human life passes through different stages, and every person performs different roles.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Who wrote the poem?

2. The world is compared to a:

3. How many stages are described?

4. The figure of speech in the title is:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-b, 3-a, 4-b.

1.5 Joan of Arc

Central idea: Joan of Arc was a brave French girl who believed in her mission and inspired the French army to fight for their country.

मराठी अर्थ: जोन ऑफ आर्क ही धाडसी मुलगी होती. तिच्या देशभक्तीने आणि आत्मविश्वासाने फ्रेंच सैनिकांना प्रेरणा दिली.

7. Personal Response

Q1. What qualities do you admire in Joan of Arc?
Ans. I admire her courage, determination, patriotism and confidence.
Q2. Can young people bring change in society?
Ans. Yes. Young people can bring change through courage, knowledge and positive action.
Q3. What would you do if you faced a difficult situation?
Ans. I would remain calm, think positively and face the situation courageously.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Write five qualities of Joan: Brave, determined, patriotic, confident and inspiring.
  • Prepare a short speech on women empowerment.
  • Write a dialogue between Joan and a soldier.
  • Arrange the important events of the lesson in sequence.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Determinationदृढनिश्चय
Missionध्येय
Victoryविजय
Faithश्रद्धा / विश्वास
Courageधैर्य

Grammar: Noun to adjective: Courage – Courageous; Patriot – Patriotic; Confidence – Confident.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. Who was Joan of Arc?
Ans. Joan of Arc was a young French girl who became a national heroine because of her courage and leadership.
Q2. What inspired Joan to fight?
Ans. Her strong faith, determination and love for France inspired her to fight.
Q3. What lesson do we learn from Joan?
Ans. We learn to be courageous, determined and faithful to our ideals.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Joan of Arc belonged to:

2. Joan is remembered for her:

3. The opposite of victory is:

4. A person who loves one’s country is:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-b, 3-a, 4-a.

1.6 The Alchemy of Nature

Central idea: Nature works like an alchemist. It transforms ordinary things into beautiful and valuable creations through its wonderful processes.

मराठी अर्थ: निसर्गामध्ये सामान्य गोष्टींचे सुंदर आणि अद्भुत रूपात परिवर्तन करण्याची शक्ती आहे.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Why should we protect nature?
Ans. Nature provides us with air, water, food and shelter. We must protect it for future generations.
Q2. Which natural scene do you enjoy most?
Ans. I enjoy watching the sunrise because it fills me with hope and energy.
Q3. How can students help protect the environment?
Ans. Students can plant trees, save water and avoid plastic.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • List five gifts of nature: Air, water, trees, sunlight and soil.
  • Write a paragraph on tree plantation.
  • Explain the title ‘The Alchemy of Nature’.
  • Write two slogans on environmental protection.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Alchemyरूपांतर करण्याची अद्भुत कला
Transformरूपांतर करणे
Marvelआश्चर्यकारक गोष्ट
Natureनिसर्ग
Magnificentभव्य / सुंदर

Grammar: Change into plural: Leaf – Leaves; Branch – Branches; Flower – Flowers.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. Why is nature called an alchemist?
Ans. Nature is called an alchemist because it transforms ordinary things into wonderful and beautiful forms.
Q2. What can we learn from nature?
Ans. We can learn patience, beauty, harmony, change and the importance of balance.
Q3. How does nature inspire human beings?
Ans. Nature inspires us through its beauty, variety and continuous process of renewal.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Alchemy means:

2. Nature provides us with:

3. The plural of leaf is:

4. We should protect:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-b, 3-b, 4-a.

UNIT TWO – LESSONS AND POEMS

2.1 Animals – Walt Whitman (Poem)

Central idea: The poet admires animals because they are calm, contented, honest and free from human greed and complaints.

मराठी अर्थ: प्राण्यांचे साधेपण, समाधान आणि निरागस स्वभाव कवीला आवडतो. माणसांनीही हे गुण आत्मसात करावेत.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Why do you like animals?
Ans. I like animals because they are innocent, loving and loyal.
Q2. What can human beings learn from animals?
Ans. We can learn contentment, honesty and simplicity from animals.
Q3. How should we treat animals?
Ans. We should treat animals kindly and protect them from cruelty.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Write five qualities of animals: Innocence, simplicity, calmness, loyalty and contentment.
  • Identify the poet: Walt Whitman.
  • Write a short paragraph on kindness towards animals.
  • Identify the repeated expression in the poem and explain its effect.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Contentedसमाधानी
Complainतक्रार करणे
Innocentनिरागस
Calmशांत
Humbleनम्र

Grammar: Adjective forms: Beauty – Beautiful; Peace – Peaceful; Care – Careful.

Poetic device: Repetition is used to emphasise the poet’s thoughts about animals.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. Why does the poet admire animals?
Ans. He admires animals because they are peaceful, contented and free from human greed.
Q2. What human qualities are missing in animals according to the poet?
Ans. Animals do not show greed, complaints, dissatisfaction and false pretensions.
Q3. What is the message of the poem?
Ans. Human beings should learn simplicity, honesty and contentment from animals.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Who wrote ‘Animals’?

2. The poet admires:

3. Contented means:

4. The poem teaches us:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-a, 3-b, 4-b.

2.2 Three Questions – Leo Tolstoy

Central idea: The story teaches that the most important time is the present, the most important person is the one with us, and the most important work is to do good to that person.

मराठी अर्थ: वर्तमान काळ, आपल्या समोर असलेली व्यक्ती आणि तिचे भले करणे हे जीवनातील सर्वात महत्त्वाचे आहे.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Why should we help others?
Ans. Helping others makes society kind, peaceful and happy.
Q2. What is the best time to do good work?
Ans. The best time to do good work is the present moment.
Q3. How can we become better human beings?
Ans. We can become better by being kind, honest, helpful and forgiving.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Write the three important questions asked by the king.
  • Write the hermit’s answers in your own words.
  • Prepare a dialogue between the king and the hermit.
  • Write a moral of the story in one sentence.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Hermitसंन्यासी
Adviceसल्ला
Urgentतातडीचे
Forgiveमाफ करणे
Woundजखम

Grammar: Change into indirect speech: The king said, “I am happy.” – The king said that he was happy.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. What were the three questions of the king?
Ans. The king wanted to know the right time to begin everything, the right people to listen to and the most important thing to do.
Q2. What were the answers given by the hermit?
Ans. The most important time is now, the most important person is the one with us, and the most important work is to do good to that person.
Q3. How did the king save the wounded man?
Ans. The king cared for the wounded man, washed and dressed his wounds and helped him recover.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Who wrote the story?

2. Where did the king meet the hermit?

3. The most important time is:

4. The wounded man was:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-b, 3-b, 4-a.

2.3 Connecting the Dots – Steve Jobs

Central idea: Steve Jobs explains how connecting past experiences, following one’s passion and facing difficulties can lead to success.

मराठी अर्थ: आपल्या आयुष्यातील अनुभव, आवड आणि अपयश यांतून शिकून पुढे जाणे महत्त्वाचे आहे.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Why should we follow our passion?
Ans. Following our passion gives us satisfaction and motivates us to work hard.
Q2. What can we learn from failure?
Ans. Failure teaches us valuable lessons and helps us improve.
Q3. Do you believe in hard work or luck?
Ans. I believe in hard work because it helps us achieve our goals.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Write three important life lessons: Follow your passion, learn from failure and never lose hope.
  • Prepare a short speech on ‘Never Give Up’.
  • Write a brief note on Steve Jobs.
  • Complete the sentence: Your time is limited, so ______. (Answer: use it wisely.)

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Passionआवड / उत्कट इच्छा
Connectजोडणे
Failureअपयश
Curiosityजिज्ञासा
Achievementयश

Grammar: Change into past tense: He starts a company. – He started a company.

Word formation: Successful – Success; Curious – Curiosity.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. What does ‘Connecting the Dots’ mean?
Ans. It means understanding how our past experiences are connected and useful in shaping our future.
Q2. Why should we trust our experiences?
Ans. Our experiences teach us lessons that may become useful in the future.
Q3. What message does Steve Jobs give to students?
Ans. He advises students to follow their passion, remain curious and never give up.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Who delivered the famous Stanford speech?

2. We should learn from:

3. Passion means:

4. We should follow our:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-a, 3-a, 4-a.

2.4 The Pulley – George Herbert (Poem)

Central idea: God gives human beings many blessings but keeps rest from them so that they may turn towards Him when they face difficulties.

मराठी अर्थ: देवाने माणसाला अनेक गुण आणि सुखे दिली; मात्र विश्रांती न देता त्याला देवाकडे वळण्याची संधी ठेवली.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Why should we be thankful to God?
Ans. We should be thankful for life, health, nature and all the blessings we receive.
Q2. What is more important: wealth or peace of mind?
Ans. Peace of mind is more important because it gives us real happiness.
Q3. What do you do when you face difficulties?
Ans. I remain hopeful, work hard and seek guidance when needed.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • List blessings given to human beings: Strength, beauty, wisdom, honour and pleasure.
  • Explain the title ‘The Pulley’.
  • Identify the poet: George Herbert.
  • Write the central idea of the poem in three sentences.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Bestowप्रदान करणे
Treasureखजिना
Restविश्रांती
Repiningखंत व्यक्त करणे
Wearinessथकवा

Grammar: Identify the abstract nouns: Wisdom, beauty, strength, honour.

Poetic device: The pulley is used as a symbolic image in the poem.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. What blessings did God give to human beings?
Ans. God gave them strength, beauty, wisdom, honour, pleasure and other blessings.
Q2. Why did God keep rest away from human beings?
Ans. God kept rest away so that human beings might turn towards Him when they became weary.
Q3. What is the message of the poem?
Ans. The poem teaches gratitude and reminds us of the importance of spiritual connection.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Who wrote ‘The Pulley’?

2. God gave man many:

3. Rest is associated with:

4. The poem expresses:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-a, 3-a, 4-a.

2.5 Let’s March

Central idea: The lesson highlights the struggle against child labour and the importance of protecting children’s rights, dignity, education and freedom.

मराठी अर्थ: बालमजुरी थांबवून प्रत्येक मुलाला शिक्षण, स्वातंत्र्य आणि सन्मान मिळावा हा या पाठाचा संदेश आहे.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Why should every child go to school?
Ans. Every child should go to school to receive education and build a better future.
Q2. How can we stop child labour?
Ans. We can report child labour, spread awareness and support children’s education.
Q3. What are the basic rights of children?
Ans. Children have the right to education, protection, health, freedom and dignity.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • List five rights of children: Education, protection, equality, health and freedom.
  • Write slogans against child labour.
  • Prepare a short speech on ‘Every Child in School’.
  • Write a short dialogue between a social worker and a child labourer.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Child Labourबालमजुरी
Exploitationशोषण
Dignityसन्मान
Freedomस्वातंत्र्य
Campaignमोहीम

Grammar: Change into passive voice: People must protect children. – Children must be protected by people.

Word formation: Educate – Education; Protect – Protection.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. What is the main aim of the lesson?
Ans. The main aim is to create awareness against child labour and protect children’s rights.
Q2. Why is child labour harmful?
Ans. It deprives children of education, health, freedom and a happy childhood.
Q3. How can society help children?
Ans. Society can help by providing education, preventing exploitation and ensuring equal opportunities.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Child labour means:

2. Every child has the right to:

3. Dignity means:

4. Child labour should be:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-a, 3-a, 4-b.

2.6 Science and Spirituality

Central idea: Science and spirituality can work together. Science develops knowledge and technology, while spirituality guides human beings towards values, peace and responsible living.

मराठी अर्थ: विज्ञान ज्ञान आणि तंत्रज्ञान देते, तर अध्यात्म जीवनात नैतिक मूल्ये, शांतता आणि जबाबदारीची जाणीव निर्माण करते.

7. Personal Response

Q1. Why is science important in our life?
Ans. Science makes our life easier through inventions, discoveries and technology.
Q2. Why do we need moral values?
Ans. Moral values help us use knowledge responsibly and live peacefully.
Q3. Can science and spirituality go together?
Ans. Yes. Science gives us knowledge, while spirituality helps us use it wisely.

8. Activities and Language Study

  • Write two benefits of science: Better healthcare and improved communication.
  • Write two benefits of spirituality: Inner peace and moral values.
  • Prepare a chart comparing science and spirituality.
  • Write a short paragraph on the responsible use of technology.

9. Vocabulary and Grammar

WordMarathi meaning
Spiritualityअध्यात्म
Scientificवैज्ञानिक
Consciousnessजाणीव
Ethicsनीतिमूल्ये
Harmonyसुसंवाद / समतोल

Grammar: Join using ‘and’: Science gives knowledge. Spirituality gives values. – Science gives knowledge and spirituality gives values.

Word formation: Science – Scientific; Spirit – Spiritual; Responsible – Responsibility.

10. Important Board Questions

Q1. What is the relationship between science and spirituality?
Ans. Science and spirituality complement each other. Both can contribute to the progress and well-being of humanity.
Q2. How does science improve human life?
Ans. Science improves human life through inventions, medical progress, communication and technology.
Q3. Why should scientific knowledge be guided by values?
Ans. Values help us use scientific knowledge ethically and for the benefit of society.

11. Practice Worksheet

1. Science mainly develops:

2. Spirituality promotes:

3. Ethics means:

4. Science and spirituality should:

Answer key: 1-a, 2-b, 3-a, 4-b.

GENERAL REVISION – UNIT 1 & UNIT 2

Important Grammar Revision

TopicExample
ArticlesHe is an honest man.
PrepositionShe is interested in music.
TenseHe has completed his work.
Passive VoiceThe letter was written by Ravi.
Reported SpeechHe said that he was busy.
Modal AuxiliaryWe should respect elders.
Question TagShe is kind, isn’t she?
Word FormationKind – Kindness.

Quick Vocabulary Revision

WordSynonymAntonym
CourageBraveryFear
HonestTruthfulDishonest
VictorySuccessDefeat
KindGentleCruel
CalmPeacefulAgitated
HappyJoyfulSad
BeginStartEnd
BeautifulAttractiveUgly
Teacher’s Note: These materials are short revision notes. For complete Board preparation, students should also practise the exact textbook activities, unseen passages, writing skills, grammar transformations and the latest official SSC activity sheets. For poems, learn the figures of speech and appreciation from the prescribed text.

ENGLISH FOR ME

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Std. 10 Maharashtra State Board – English Kumarbharati

Nouns and Their Types, Usage and Formation | Interactive English Grammar Lesson

By
Prafulla Mahure
-
0

Nouns are the building blocks of English sentences. In this interactive lesson, students will learn the nouns and their types, usage and formation through visual examples, tables and classroom activities. Explore proper, common, collective, abstract and material nouns, understand singular and plural forms, and practise identifying nouns through an interactive quiz with instant feedback. This lesson is specially designed for Std. 9–12 students to strengthen their English grammar skills.

Nouns and their usage

Nouns and Their Types, Usage and Formation | Interactive English Grammar Lesson
📚 👨‍🎓 🌳

NOUNS

THE NAMING WORDS

Learn • Identify • Classify • Form • Use

Interactive English Grammar | Std. 9–12

1. What is a Noun?

A noun is a word used to name a person, place, animal, thing, quality, feeling, idea or state.

👨‍🏫

Person

Teacher, doctor, student, mother

🏫

Place

School, Mumbai, village, garden

🐘

Animal

Elephant, tiger, dog, bird

📱

Thing

Book, mobile, table, computer

❤️

Feeling / Quality

Love, kindness, honesty, courage

💡

Idea

Freedom, wisdom, knowledge, peace

Example: The teacher teaches English in the classroom.
Teacher, English and classroom are nouns.

2. Types of Nouns

👤

1. Proper Noun

The special name of a particular person, place or thing.

Prafulla, India, Mumbai, Monday.

Rule: Begins with a capital letter.

👥

2. Common Noun

A general name given to a person, place, animal or thing.

Boy, city, teacher, river.
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

3. Collective Noun

A noun that names a group of people, animals or things.

A team of players.
A flock of birds.
A bunch of keys.
❤️

4. Abstract Noun

Names a quality, feeling, state or idea that cannot usually be experienced through the five senses.

Honesty, beauty, happiness, childhood.
🧱

5. Material Noun

Names a substance or material from which things are made.

Gold, silver, cotton, wood, water.
🔢

6. Countable Noun

Names things that can be counted individually.

One book, two pens, five students.
💧

7. Uncountable Noun

Names substances, materials or abstract things not normally counted individually.

Water, milk, sugar, information, advice.
🧩

8. Compound Noun

A noun made up of two or more words.

Classroom, toothpaste, bus stop, mother-in-law.
Remember: A noun can belong to more than one category depending on its use. For example, a proper noun is also countable in some contexts.

3. Functions of Nouns in Sentences

FunctionExampleNoun’s Role
SubjectRavi plays cricket.Performs the action
ObjectShe reads a book.Receives the action
Indirect ObjectHe gave Riya a gift.Receives the gift
Subject ComplementMy father is a doctor.Identifies the subject
Object of PrepositionThe book is on the table.Follows a preposition
PossessionThis is Rohan’s bag.Shows ownership

4. Formation of Nouns

Nouns can be formed from verbs, adjectives and other nouns by adding suffixes or changing word forms.

A. Formation using Suffixes

SuffixRoot WordNoun
-tionEducateEducation
-sionDecideDecision
-mentDevelopDevelopment
-nessKindKindness
-ityActiveActivity
-anceAppearAppearance
-erTeachTeacher
-istArtArtist
-shipFriendFriendship
-hoodChildChildhood
-domFreeFreedom

B. Formation through Word Changes

Verb / AdjectiveNoun
StrongStrength
WideWidth
LongLength
ChooseChoice
BelieveBelief
SpeakSpeech
GrowGrowth
KnowKnowledge
Formation tip: Learn the root word and its related noun together. Spelling changes are common, so check the complete word rather than adding a suffix mechanically.

5. Singular and Plural Nouns

RuleSingularPlural
Add -sBookBooks
Add -esBoxBoxes
Consonant + y → iesCityCities
Some f / fe → vesLeafLeaves
IrregularChildChildren
IrregularManMen
IrregularFootFeet
Same formSheepSheep
Exceptions: Some nouns ending in f take only -s (roofs, chiefs), and some nouns ending in o take -s (photos, radios). Learn irregular plurals separately.

6. Gender of Nouns

👨

Masculine

King, father, boy, actor.

👩

Feminine

Queen, mother, girl, actress.

👥

Common Gender

Teacher, doctor, student, parent.

📦

Neuter Gender

Table, book, computer, chair.

7. Possessive Nouns

Possessive nouns show ownership or relationship.

The boy’s bag. (Singular noun + ‘s)
The girls’ classroom. (Plural noun ending in s + apostrophe)
The children’s books. (Irregular plural + ‘s)

8. Identify the Type of Noun

Click to reveal the answer.

1. Mumbai is a beautiful city.
2. Honesty is the best policy.
3. A team of players won the match.
4. Gold is a precious metal.

9. Mini Practice Test

Answer all 10 questions and check your score.

0 of 10 answered

10. Classroom Learning Challenge

🧠 ✍️ 📖

Task 1: Write five proper nouns and five common nouns.

Task 2: Form abstract nouns from: kind, brave, honest, wise, strong.

Task 3: Write a paragraph of five sentences using at least ten different nouns.

Task 4: Find five collective nouns from your textbook.

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Identify

Identify 20 nouns from a newspaper article and classify them into different categories.

The Adjectives – The Describing Words

By
Prafulla Mahure
-
0
🌈 📝 🎨

ADJECTIVES

The Describing Words

Learn • Identify • Form • Use Correctly

English Grammar | Std. 9–12

1. What is an Adjective?

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. It tells us more about a person, place, animal or thing.

She is a beautiful girl.
Beautiful describes the noun girl.
He has three books.
Three tells us the number of books.
The mango is sweet.
Sweet describes the mango.
Remember: Adjectives answer questions such as What kind? Which one? How many? and How much?

2. Types of Adjectives and Their Usage

🎨

1. Adjective of Quality

Describes the quality or nature of a noun.

She is an intelligent student.

Examples: beautiful, honest, brave, tall, clever.

🔢

2. Adjective of Number

Tells us how many persons or things.

Five students are absent.

Examples: one, five, many, several, few.

⚖️

3. Adjective of Quantity

Tells us how much of something.

There is little water in the bottle.

Examples: some, much, little, enough, sufficient.

👉

4. Demonstrative Adjective

Points out a particular noun.

These flowers are beautiful.

Examples: this, that, these, those.

❓

5. Interrogative Adjective

Used with a noun to ask questions.

Which book do you want?

Examples: which, what, whose.

🔐

6. Possessive Adjective

Shows ownership or possession.

My school is beautiful.

Examples: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.

👥

7. Distributive Adjective

Refers to members of a group individually.

Each student received a prize.

Examples: each, every, either, neither.

🌍

8. Proper Adjective

Derived from a proper noun.

I enjoy Indian music.

Examples: Indian, Shakespearean, Victorian.

3. Order of Adjectives

When we use more than one adjective before a noun, they generally follow a particular order.

OSASCOMP

Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Colour → Origin → Material → Purpose
OrderCategoryExamples
OOpinionbeautiful, lovely, wonderful
SSizebig, small, huge
AAgeold, young, ancient
SShaperound, square, oval
CColourred, blue, black
OOriginIndian, Italian, Japanese
MMaterialwooden, cotton, silk
PPurposesleeping, cooking, running

Example: Observe the correct order

A beautiful (Opinion) large (Size) old (Age) round (Shape) brown (Colour) Indian (Origin) wooden (Material) dining (Purpose) table.

Complete sentence: She bought a beautiful large old round brown Indian wooden dining table.

Important: We do not normally use all eight categories together. The order is a general guideline, and natural usage may vary.

4. Formation of Adjectives

Adjectives can be formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to nouns, verbs and other words.

A. Formation using Suffixes

SuffixRoot WordAdjective
-fulBeautyBeautiful
-lessCareCareless
-ousDangerDangerous
-alNatureNatural
-iveActActive
-ableComfortComfortable
-yCloudCloudy
-icPoetryPoetic
-ishChildChildish
-enGoldGolden

B. Formation using Prefixes

PrefixRoot WordAdjective
Un-HappyUnhappy
Im-PossibleImpossible
In-ActiveInactive
Ir-RegularIrregular
Il-LegalIllegal
Dis-HonestDishonest
Remember: A prefix generally changes or reverses meaning, whereas a suffix can change a word’s grammatical category. Not every prefix or suffix can be added to every root word.

5. Degrees of Comparison

Adjectives have three degrees of comparison.

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
TallTallerTallest
SmallSmallerSmallest
HappyHappierHappiest
BeautifulMore beautifulMost beautiful
GoodBetterBest
BadWorseWorst
LittleLessLeast
Positive: Ram is as tall as Shyam.
Comparative: Ram is taller than Mohan.
Superlative: Ram is the tallest boy in the class.

6. Identify the Adjective

Reveal the answer and identify the function of the highlighted adjective.

1. She wore a beautiful dress.
2. I have three pencils.
3. This book belongs to me.
4. My father is a kind man.

7. Mini Practice Test

Test your understanding. Select the correct option for each question.

0 of 10 answered

Learning Challenge

🧠 ✍️ 📖

Describe your classroom using at least five adjectives.

Example: My classroom is spacious, clean, bright, beautiful and comfortable.

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