Here is an exercise with rules for converting compound and complex sentences into simple sentences, followed by practice examples:
Rewrite as Simple Sentence
Rules for Conversion
From Compound Sentences:
1. Identify the conjunction (e.g., and, but, or, so). 2. Combine the clauses by reducing one clause into a phrase (e.g., participial, gerund, or prepositional). 3. Eliminate the conjunction to form a single sentence.
Example:
Compound: She worked hard, and she succeeded.
Simple: By working hard, she succeeded.
Simple Sentence From Complex Sentences:
1. Identify the subordinating conjunction (e.g., because, although, when, if, since, while). 2. Reduce the subordinate clause to a phrase (e.g., infinitive, participial, or prepositional). 3. Combine the main and subordinate clauses to form a single sentence.
Example:
Complex: He left the office because he was tired. SimpleSentence: He left the office due to his tiredness.
Rewrite as Simple Sentence
Convert the following sentences into simple sentences:
1. She was ill, but she attended the meeting. 2. They started early, so they reached on time. 3. As he was late, he missed the train. 4. The teacher scolded him because he didn’t complete the homework. 5. You can take a taxi, or you can walk to the station. 6. When the match ended, the players shook hands. 7. He studied hard, yet he failed the exam. 8. Although it was raining, they went for a walk. 9. He apologized because he was at fault. 10. I will help you if you ask me politely.
Answers (for reference):
1. Despite being ill, she attended the meeting. 2. Starting early, they reached on time. 3. Being late, he missed the train. 4. The teacher scolded him for not completing the homework. 5. You can take a taxi or walk to the station. 6. At the end of the match, the players shook hands. 7. Despite studying hard, he failed the exam. 8. Despite the rain, they went for a walk. 9. He apologized for his fault. 10. To get my help, you must ask me politely.
You will find Appreciation of all Poems Class 12 at one place here. Read each one twice, try to remember what you read, read again to find what you missed. Repeat the action for each poem.
प्रत्येकाला दोनदा वाचा, आपण काय वाचले ते लक्षात ठेवण्याचा प्रयत्न करा, आपण काय विसरलो ते शोधण्यासाठी पुन्हा वाचा. प्रत्येक कवितेसाठी ही क्रिया पुन्हा करा.
About Poet: Sarojini Naidu, also known as the Nightingale of India, was a celebrated poet and a freedom fighter. Her works often reflect Indian culture, tradition, and life.
About Poem: This poem describes the different stages of human life through the work of Indian weavers.
Theme: The cycle of life — birth, youth, and death — is symbolized by the weavers’ creation of garments.
Type of Poem/Poetic Devices:
Lyric poem.
Poetic devices: Metaphor (stages of life represented by cloth), Symbolism (blue, purple, white colors), Alliteration, Repetition.
Language: Simple, musical, and vivid with colorful imagery.
Message/Values: The poem highlights the beauty of life’s stages while conveying the significance of art and labor.
About Poet: Mamang Dai is a poet and journalist from Arunachal Pradesh whose works explore nature, identity, and culture.
About Poem: The poem celebrates the beauty of small towns and rivers, emphasizing their cultural and emotional significance.
Theme: Connection between humans and nature, memories, and the passage of time.
Type of Poem/Poetic Devices:
Free verse.
Poetic devices: Symbolism (rivers as timeless continuity), Imagery, Personification.
Language: Nostalgic, serene, and reflective with vivid descriptions.
Message/Values: The poem reminds readers of the deep bond between people, nature, and cultural heritage, urging us to preserve these connections.
A trick to remember poems and their poets with key words:
1. Walt Whitman takes a journey and sings on the Open Road (Song of the Open Road), celebrating freedom and opportunity under the open sky.
2. Sarojini Naidu weaves magic through her poem Indian Weavers, capturing the three stages of life: birth, youth, and death.
3. Robert Southey anchors the tale of The Inchcape Rock, highlighting the pride and downfall of a pirate who tampered with the warning bell.
4. Edgar Guest questions, “Have You Earned Your Tomorrow?”, inspiring thoughts on kindness, purpose, and living for others.
5. Dilip Chitre writes about his father Returning Home (Father Returning Home), depicting loneliness, alienation, and the struggles of aging.
6. William H. Davies reflects on the troubles of too much Money, emphasizing how greed and wealth steal joy and simplicity from life.
7. George Gordon Byron praises his beloved who Walks in Beauty (She Walks in Beauty), comparing her to starry nights, harmony, and graceful perfection.
8. Mamang Dai beautifully describes Small Towns and Rivers, celebrating nature, culture, and the passage of time in her homeland.
How to Practice English During a 10-Day Diwali Vacation
The Diwali vacation is a time for celebration, relaxation, and spending time with family and friends. But it can also be a great opportunity to sharpen your English skills, even in the midst of festivities. Here’s how you can make the most of your 10-day break while enjoying the festival of lights.
1. Set Achievable Goals ध्येय ठरवा
Before you dive into practice, decide what you want to focus on. Do you want to improve your vocabulary, speaking, reading, or writing? Setting clear, achievable goals will help you stay motivated and make the most of your time.
Example Goals:
1. Learn 10 new words every day related to Diwali.
2. Practice speaking English for 30 minutes a day with a friend or family member.
3. Write a short virtual message or blog each day about your Diwali experiences.
2. Use Diwali-Related Content
Incorporate Diwali themes into your English learning. This will keep the practice relevant and interesting.
Vocabulary Building: Learn words related to the festival like “celebration,” “tradition,” “festival,” “lantern,” or “fireworks.” You can also explore more advanced words like “auspicious,” “illumination,” or “festivity.”
Reading Practice: Read articles, blogs, or short stories about Diwali in English. This will expose you to how the festival is described in different contexts, and help you understand the usage of words and grammar in a real-life context.
Listening Practice: Watch YouTube videos, podcasts, or documentaries about Diwali in English. You’ll improve your listening skills and pronunciation by listening to native speakers.
3. Engage in Conversations संवाद साधा
Diwali often brings together family and friends. Why not use this opportunity to practice speaking English? Even if it’s just a few minutes, try to hold conversations with family members or friends in English. You can talk about:
How you plan to celebrate Diwali.
Diwali memories from past years.
Your thoughts on the significance of the festival.
If you feel hesitant, start small. Greet people in English or use simple phrases like “Happy Diwali” and gradually build on that.
4. Write About Your Experiences
Writing is a great way to improve your English, and Diwali offers many moments worth writing about. You can write:
A diary entry each day of your vacation.
A short essay about what Diwali means to you.
A blog post about your favourite Diwali tradition.
Prepare an imaginary group discussion.
Send an email to your friend.
You don’t need to write long essays—just a few sentences every day will help you improve your grammar, sentence structure, and overall writing ability.
5. Watch Diwali-Themed Movies in English
Watching movies is a relaxing way to practice English. During your vacation, pick a few Diwali-themed or festival-related movies available in English or with English subtitles. Pay attention to how characters use different words, phrases, and idiomatic expressions.
6. Play Word Games with Family
Make learning fun by playing word games like Scrabble, Pictionary, or Charades with your family and friends. These games will challenge your vocabulary and encourage you to think in English, all while keeping the festive spirit alive.
7. Read story books
Spend 10 minutes a day on reading story books.
8. Practice Pronunciation
Take a few minutes each day to practice your pronunciation. Focus on tricky words you’ve encountered during your reading or listening exercises. You can use online resources, pronunciation videos, dictionary entry.
9. Celebrate Diwali Virtually with English-Speaking Friends
If you have friends or relatives who speak English, connect with them over video calls during Diwali. Share your Diwali experiences and listen to theirs. It’s a great way to practice conversational English in a real-life setting.
10. Reflect on Your Progress
At the end of your 10-day vacation, take some time to reflect on what you’ve achieved. Did you learn new vocabulary? Did you improve your speaking or writing skills? Use this reflection to set future learning goals and celebrate the progress you’ve made during the vacation.
Conclusion
The Diwali vacation doesn’t have to be a break from learning. With a little planning and creativity, you can continue improving your English while enjoying the festivities. Whether it’s through conversation, reading, writing, or using apps, every bit of practice counts. So, light up your English skills this Diwali and make your 10-day vacation both fun and productive!
Speech on Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: The People’s President and Visionary Leader
Good morning to everyone present here. Respected President of the program, honourable judges and teachers, dear friends.
It is an honour and privilege to speak about one of the most respected and beloved figures in India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. A name that echoes not just through the scientific corridors of our country, but in the hearts of millions. Dr. Kalam was a man who embodied the spirit of humility, intellect, and a deep love for his country and its people.
He was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam rose from a modest background to become a national icon. His journey from a small coastal town to becoming the “Missile Man of India” and the 11th President of the country is memorable.
Dr. Kalam’s contributions to India’s defense and space technology are legendary. As a scientist, he played a pivotal role in India’s missile development programs, earning him the title of the “Missile Man.” Under his leadership, India developed the Agni and Prithvi missiles. .
Dr. Kalam’s work at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was equally groundbreaking. He was instrumental in the development of India’s first satellite launch vehicle, SLV-III. It successfully deployed the Rohini satellite into space in 1980. This achievement placed India among the elite group of space-faring nations.
He was also a key figure in the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, which established India as a nuclear power on the global stage. His scientific contributions are a matter of great national pride. His unwavering commitment to serving the people sets him apart.
Dr. Kalam was not just a scientist. He was a man with a vision. His dream was to see India as a developed nation, not just in terms of technology but in every sphere of life. His book, “India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium,” outlined his dream of transforming India into a self-reliant and prosperous nation. He believed that science and technology should serve society . It should improve the quality of life for every citizen, especially the underprivileged.
But Dr. Kalam’s vision extended beyond science. He saw the youth of India as the torchbearers of the nation’s future. Throughout his life, he interacted with students, encouraging them to dream big, work hard, and believe in their potential. He famously said, “सपने देखो, सपने देखो, सपने देखो। सपने विचारों में बदल जाते हैं और विचार कार्य में परिणित होते हैं।”
When Dr. Kalam became the President of India in 2002, he brought with him a sense of accessibility and warmth that made him beloved by all. He was often referred to as the “People’s President” because of his humble nature and his close connection with ordinary citizens, especially the youth. His presidency was marked by his willingness to listen, to engage with the common man, and to break away from the formality typically associated with the office.
Even after his presidency, Dr. Kalam continued his mission to inspire and mentor students across the country. He visited schools, colleges, and universities, sharing his wisdom and life lessons. His humility and simplicity were a reflection of his belief that true greatness comes from serving others.
Dr. Kalam’s legacy is not limited to his contributions to science or his role as a leader. It is his unwavering belief in the potential of India’s youth that will be remembered for generations. He once said, “The best brains of the nation may be found on the last benches of the classroom.” This statement reflects his deep belief that greatness can come from anyone, regardless of their background or circumstances.
His life was a testament to the fact that with hard work, perseverance, and a deep sense of purpose, one can rise above any challenge. He taught us that it is not where you start that matters, but where you aim to go.
As we remember Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam today, let us not forget the values he stood for—humility, hard work, dedication to the nation, and the power of dreams. He left us with a vision for a better India, and it is now our responsibility to carry that vision forward.
In his own words, “” Let us dream big, work hard, and make those dreams a reality, just as Dr. Kalam did.
