Maharashtra State Board has included Drama Genre along with history of English Drama in class 11 to encourage students to take interest in the different literary forms. Here we will learn in short but exclusively History of English Drama.
Q.5 A) Complete the following by choosing correct alternatives
i) Romeo and Juliet is written by William Shakespeare ii) Plot is a place where the story takes place → iii) The struggle between two opposite forces is called → conflict iv) The period from 11th to 15th century is known as → Medieval Period
Q.5 A (2) Match the following (Matched) A. B
Plot. – Series of events Henrik Ibsen. – A Doll’s House G.B. Shaw. – Arms and the Man Samuel Beckett – Waiting for Godot
Rhetorical questions have no answers. The answer is hidden in the question itself. The question is an emphatic statement. Such questions are used in speech and arguments.
Funny Rhetorical Questions
Do fish get thirsty?
Can you cry under water?
Who has seen the wind?
Who doesn’t know Sachin Tendulkar?
How to to frame Rhetorical Questions?
अलंकारीक प्रश्ना चे उत्तर नसते तर तो प्रश्न हा विधानच असतो. हे प्रश्न युक्तिवाद करताना वापरतात. विधानाचे रुपांतर अलंकारीक प्रश्नात करतांना सहयकारि क्रियापद प्रथम वापरावे नंतर कर्ता वापरावा विधान नकारात्मक असल्यास प्रश्न होकारात्मक करावा व विधान होकारात्मक असल्यास प्रश्न नकारात्मक करावा शेवटी प्रश्नार्थक चिन्ह द्यावे. अलंकारीक प्रश्नाचे विधानात रुपांतर करतांना या उलट प्रक्रिया करावी.
Assertive sentence begins with subject /doer of the action followed by helping verb/main verb. If the rhetorical question is negative, assertive sentence should be affirmative (remove negative word such as – not, no, never .nothing .nobody. no one etc.)
If the rhetorical question is affirmative ,assertive sentence should be negative. (Add negative word such as – not, no, never, nothing , nobody, no-one, etc.) Put the remaining words and replace question mark with full stop.
Rewrite as rhetorical questions.
1. We love our motherland. Ans: Do we not love our motherland? 2. There is no room for secrecy under Bapuji’s leadership. Ans: Is there any room for secrecy under Bapuji’s leadership? 3. Everyone knows Sachin Tendulkar. Ans: Who doesn’t know Sachin Tendulkar?
4. No one has seen the wind. Ans: Who has seen the wind?
5. A letter can not contain all this. Ans: Can a letter contain all this? How can a letter contain all this?
6. There is nothing wrong in being grateful to a great man.
Ans : Is there anything wrong in being grateful to a great man?
7. Liberty can not be divorced from equality.
Ans : How can liberty be divorced from equality?
Difference between Interrogative and Rhetorical Questions
Rhetorical Questions are different from interrogative sentences. Interrogative sentences require answers whereas rhetorical questions need no answer. Rhetorical questions are to be taken in opposite sense.
Read the following questions and pick out the rhetorical questions and make statements of them.
How long shall we continue to live this life of contradiction?
How long shall we continue to deny equality in our social and economic life?
What does fraternity mean?
How can people divided into several thousands of castes be a nation. Is it wrong to love animal and plant?
Won’t our cricketers come back as winners?
Corruption is getting rooted in social life. Is it fair?
Why do students bunk classes?
Excessive violence is being shown in modern cinema. When will the government take notice of it?
What challenges did the mountaineers face?
Aren’t children wiser than men?
Click the “Show/Hide” button to toggle between hiding and showing the answers:
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KEY
1. No longer we shall continue to live this life of contradiction.
2. No longer we shall continue to deny equality in our social and economic life.
3. What does fraternity mean?(It needs answer. So it is interrogative sentence.
4. People divided into several thousands of castes can not be a nation?
5. It is not wrong to love animal and plant.
6. Our cricketers will come back as winners.
7. Corruption is getting rooted in social life. It is not fair.
8. Students should not bunk classes.
9. Excessive violence is being shown in modern cinema. The government will never take notice of it.
10. What challenges did the mountaineers face? Interrogative ( wh-question)
11. Children are wiser than men.
While interchanging assertive into interrogative and vice versa
1. Interchange the place of subject and verb
2. Make negative by adding negation( not, no, no one, nobody , never, none etc.)if the given sentence is affirmative
3. Make affirmative by removing negation
4. Use punctuation mark at the end accordingly.
Do the following and check the answers.
1. Is this the way you should come dressed to school ?
2. Does anything succeed like success ?
3. We are not going to submit to them so easily.
4. Can anyone bear such an insult ?
5. None is greater than the country?
6. Who can forget his sacrifice ?
7. When will you learn to obey your teachers?
8. A wise man is honoured everywhere.
9. Is drinking not bad for health ?
10. Does anyone like to be called a fool ?
11. Money does not grow on trees.
12. Can there be success without hard work?
13. Joys and sorrows go together.
14. Why should we lament any loss ?
15. Do the brave not deserve honour?
16. Can there be smoke without fire ?
17. Was Rustom not a great warrior ?
18. Who has seen the wind ?
19.When will a wicked man prosper ?
20. Are books not our best friends ?
21. When can their glory fade?
22. How can I repay your kindness?
Click the “Show/Hide” button to toggle between hiding and showing the answers:
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KEY
1. This is not the way you should come dressed to school.
2. Nothing succeeds like success.
3.Are we going to submit to them easily?
4. No one can bear such an insult .
5.Who is greater than the country?
6.No one can forget his sacrifice.
7. You will never learn to obey your teachers.
8. Where isn’t a wise man honoured?
9. Drinking is bad for health.
10. No one likes to be called a fool.
11. Does money grow on tree?
12. There can not be success without hard work.
13. Do joys and sorrows not go (live) together?
14 .We should not lament any loss.
15. The brave deserves honour. 16.There can be smoke without fire.
17.Rustom was a great warrior.
18. No one has seen the wind.
19. A wicked man will never prosper.
20. Books are our best friends.
21.Their glory can never fade.
22.I can not repay your kindness.
Basically there are two types of sentences as affirmative and negative sentences. In the exams of various boards Cbse, icse and state boards there are always grammar questions on transformation of negative into affirmative and vice versa. In almost all the competitive exams also there will be questions on this topic. Keeping the rules in mind, observing the rules and praticing the exercise will help you to deal with this important topic of English Grammar.
3 Rules for Transformation
1.Remove negation such as not, never , no, nothing, nobody, no one, nowhere while making affirmative sentence. And use one of these negation while making negative sentence.
2. Use opposite word
3. Make use of negative suffixes and prefixes to form opposites
4. See meaning should be not changed.
Affirmative and Negative Transformation Examples
1] English is not difficult. Affir:- English is easy.
2] Nobody was absent.
Affir:-Everybody was present.
3] I am not a little tired.
Affir:- I am much tired.
4] Mala did not answer.
Affir:- Mala failed to answer.
5] I am not your friend.
Affir:-I am your enemy/foe
6] Payal never lost her way .
Affir:-Payal always remembered her way.
7] But this is not possible now.
Affir:-But this is impossible now
8] His tender mind did not speculate on his father’s delay.
Affir:- His tender mind failed to speculate on his father’s delay.
9] I cannot attend their needs.
Aff:- I am unable to attend their needs. 10) I am not unhappy. Affir: I am happy. 11). I did remember. (Turn into negative without its changing meaning) Affir: I did not forget. 12) The snail does not fear to fall (Make it Affirmative) The snail is unafraid to fall. The snail does dares to fall.
13) The colour scheme never failed.
Affir: The colour scheme always succeeded. Or The colour scheme always proved successful.
14) She could not be fashionable.
Affirm- She could be non-fashionable.
Rewrite as negative sentences without changing theirmeanings
(a) The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.
Ans : The policeman didn’t accept/ consider Soapy even as a clue.
(b) Soapy drifted along twice unsuccessful.
Ans : Soapy didn’t drift along twice successful. / Soapy failed to drift along twice unsuccessful.
(c) Soapy stopped his unavailing racket.
Ans : Soapy didn’t continue his unavailing racket.
(d) The island seemed very far away.
Ans : The island didn’t seem near ( in his realm) .
(e) The island seemed an unattainable Arcadia.
Ans : The island didn’t seem an attainable Arcadia.
Rewrite into affirmative sentence 1. No one can put up with such conduct. 2. No one ever saw a greater misfortune. 3. Is not the day intended for toil, and the night for sleep? 4. No man could have done better. 5. There is no smoke without fire. Answers: Can anyone put up with such conduct? This is the greatest misfortune one has ever seen. The day is intended for toil and the night for sleep. Who could have done better? Where there is smoke, there is fire.
Make the following sentences negative without change of meaning. Affirmative: I am doubtful now. Negative: I am not so sure, now. Affirmative: He will be unable to stop them. Negative: He will not be able to stop them. Affirmative: I forget. Negative: I don’t remember. Affirmative: I am unable to do anymore. Negative: I can do no more. Affirmative: Sir, forgive her. Negative: Sir, do not anger her. Affirmative: I shall want a few soldiers. Negative: I shall not want many soldiers.
Rewrite as Affirmative Sentences
(a) Men who smash windows do not remain to chat with the police.
Ans : Men who smash windows avoid to chat with the police.
(b) Why don’t you call a cop?
Ans: You should call the police.
(c) On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions.
Ans :On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of less pretensions.
(d) Noisy; but no harm.
Ans : Noisy; but harmless.
(e) They seemed to regard him as a King who could do no wrong.
Ans: They seemed to regard him as a King who could do everything right.
1. Only the person, who works hard, will get success.
None but the person who works hard, will get Success .
2. Only Sheela is an honest worker in the company.
None but Sheela is an honest worker in the company.
3. I liked only Sachin as a cricketer.
I liked none but Sachin as a cricketer.
4. He is interested in reading only.
He is interested in nothing but reading
5. You must wear helmet.
You cannot but wear helmet.
Examples from Board Exam
(i) Discourtesy is not a legal offence.
(The correct ‘affirmative’ form of this sentence is…)
(a) Courtesy is a illegal offence. (b) Courtesy is always a illegal offence. (d) Discourtesy is a moral offence.(c) Discourtesy is never a illegal offence.
(ii) I will not open my mouth.
(Choose the correct alternative to get affirmative form without changing the meaning of the sentence.)
